Engineering Guidance

   MASS HAUL DIAGRAM IS GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF AMOUNT OF EARTHWORK INVOLVED IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH THE EARTH TO BE HAULED ECONOMICALLY. It gives the cumulative amount of earthwork at any point. CHARACTERISTICS  Ordinate at any point represent the earthwork accumulated to that point. Maximum positive ordinate indicates change from cut to fill in profile. Maximum negative ordinate indicates change from fill to cut . Rising curve indicates excess of excavation over fill at the points and depression curve indicates excess of filling over cut at that point. Steep rise or fall indicates heavy cut or heavy fills. convex loop(concave down) indicates that the haul from cut to fill is from left to right and concave up loop indicates that the haul from cut to fill is from right to left. the algebraic difference between any two ordinate is a measure of total earthwork in that section. Any line drawn parallel to the base line and intersecting two points with...

The engineering surveys are to be carried out before a Road alignment is finalized in Road project. The Surveys are completed in four stage, first three stages consider all possible alternate alignments keeping in view of the various requirement of road alignment. The fourth stage is meant for the detailed survey of the selected alignment. The four stages of the engineering surveys are:        i.           Map Study When the topographical map of the area is available, it will be easier to find out alternate path of the highway. In Nepal, topographic maps are available from the department of survey, Government of Nepal. Then it is possible to suggest the likely routes of the road. The new maps are available in 1:25,000 to 1:50,000 scales. The main features like rivers, hills, valley is carefully shown in color in these maps. By the careful study of such maps it is possible to have an idea of the several poss...

 Highway Alignment Highway alignment is the position or layout on the ground along the center line of the highway. Horizontal alignment includes straights and curves whereas change in grade and      vertical curves are covered in vertical alignment. Basic requirement of Highway alignment Following are basic requirement of an ideal highway alignment: •         The alignment between two terminals should be as short as possible and as straight      as possible. •    The alignment must be easy to construct and maintain. •         The alignment should be safe. •         The alignment should be economic in long term. Vehicle operation should be easy.     General Guiding Principle for Highway Alignment:-   The road alignment selection is influen...